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Types of Readings 1. Skimming To skim in reading means to look at briefly. Skimming involves the act of the book or page quickly in order to have a general idea of the content. The purpose of skimming is to identify information in its broad from quickly. 2. Skimming a Text The text may be a chapter of a book or just a page. The purpose here is to look for what it contains briefly. You may look at the title of the chapter to see what topic is discussed in that chapter. Then you read through to see if the chapter is divided into sections and whether each section has a sub-title or sub-topic discussed. You check the end of the of the chapter is given. If the chapter is presented in continuous paragraphs without labelled subsections, you look at the opening sentence of each paragraph to have a general impression of what the paragraph deals with. If there is a summary, you look at the beginning and end sentence of the summary. By the time you do these activities, you are skimming. At the end of the skimming activities on the text, you should be able to say in one or two sentences what the chapter or page about. This will be able you to decide whether you need its detailed information or not. Here are 'examples of skimming activities: •Mma wants to buy only one newspaper and she stops the vendor who puts three different newspapers in her hand Mma opens each newspaper quickly and skims its pages, looking news headlines. A news item in one of the papers attracts her but it contains a long detailed report. She chooses to buy the paper and returns the others to the vendor.
Adulugwa is a student visiting a book shop. He looks through the shelves of books 'displayed. He comes to the Economics section and skims the titles. One title reminds him of the list of recommended books from the lecturer. His purpose is to decide whether the book is relevant to his course. That purpose required him to look for the following information from the book: _ ii. Author – is he a familiar authority on the subject? – Year of publication – could its information be outdated or recent? – Edition – is this copy the latest edition?- Table of contents – what are the topics not listed in the table of content? – Adulugwa selects some randomly pages – to see If there are useful Illustrations – A few sentences from the preface to see if the author indicates the level of readers or students for whom the book is intended. Finally, Adulugwa skelling may decide to buy the book or leave it, on the strength of the information he has had by skimming the book. Note that again knowledge by skimming books at bookshops, newspapers and magazine stands. Scanning To scan in reading is to look for a specific information discussed in a text with minimum of time. Before you set out to scan a text, you must be sure what items of information you are looking for. Scanning requires rapid reading of the text in order to reach the information you require. In this way, it is possible for you to assemble a number of points you need about a given topic. For example, if you require the definition of inflation in economics, you can scan three or four different books to see how each, author defines it. In this case, you are not looking for the consequences of inflation but – the definition. You do not stay your eyes on that information when you are scanning definition. Scanning is like looking for your child in a large crowd. You watch out for your child’s features. You do not see other children’s faces at that moment. To help the reader to scan easily, authors usually present texts in certain patterns. Examples of such patterns are: -- Text contents are organized in paragraphs, each paragraph deals with an aspect of the topic discussed. In a paragraph, one of the sentences usually gives out the main point of the paragraph. Varying of font size e.g, some are in italics or bold letters to direct attention to important points. Varying of colours, letters and diagrams in a piece of advertisement in such a way that some parts catch the eye of the reader before other parts.
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